Thesis About Soft Drink Dealership Essay Essay Example

Theory About Soft Drink Dealership Essay Paper 1/A theory proposition submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Management. School of Economics. The executives and Development Studies. Cavite State University. Indang. Cavite. in incomplete satisfaction of the requests for graduation with the evaluation of Bachelor of Science in Business Management. major in Business Economics. Arranged under the administering of Dr. Nelia C. Cresino. Presentation Soft beverages can follow their history back to the mineral H2O found in normal springs. Washing in common springs has for quite some time been viewed as a solid thing to make and mineral H2O is said to hold mending powers. Researchers in the blink of an eye found that gas carbonium or C dioxide is behind the air pockets in regular mineral H2O. Sodas by its term are drinks that are non mixed beverages. Carbonated soda pops are other than alluded to as sodium carbonate ( About. com. 2011 ) . What is specific about soda pops is that it is extremely simple to occur and that all individuals could benefit it. It is really acceptable in satisfying thirst of a man. It gives a checking on feeling especially on an extremely hot conditions. Blending to the examination directed by the Gale Group Farmington Hills Michigan ( 2008 ) . the soda pop industry started in the mid-1880s. We will compose a custom paper test on Thesis About Soft Drink Dealership Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Thesis About Soft Drink Dealership Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Thesis About Soft Drink Dealership Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer During the early mature ages. sodas were sold simply in shops that could gracefully wellspring administration. Expanding dissemination was attached to developing additional sirup manufacture workss. The principal advertised soda pops showed up in the seventeenth century as a blend of H2O and lemon juice improved with nectar. In 1676 the Compagnie de Limonadiers was shaped in Paris and conceded an imposing business model for the offer of its stocks. Merchants conveyed heavily clad battle vehicles on their dorsums from which they administered cups of lemonade. Sari-sari shops remains the biggest conveyance divert in 2011. little region retail commercial foundations called sari-sari shops represented the biggest extent of gross incomes in sodas. Situated in regions. these commercial foundations make stocks simple open to lower-and center salary shoppers. especially in common nations where current channels, for example, comfort shops and grocery stores are situated in retail focuses that are a long way from private nations. It ought to other than be noticed that Filipino buyers commonly do non buy in lion's share and shop sodas stocks at place. Subsequently. sari-sari shops become an advantageous channel for buying soda pops in the most loved littler and returnable glass bundling ( euromonitor. 2011 ) . For establishment one will require a cluster of security. The total depends on the nation of circulation. Soda establishment is beneficial. in any case, one should hold to keep an eye out for a bunch of things where one can lose cash like breakage. robbery. and so forth. The dealer ought to be 200 % hands-on due to the hard money and tonss of acknowledgment that will be taken care of. In view of the preliminary on the gross incomes office of Coca-cola. Pepsi-cola each piece great as Royal Crown in Cavite there are 52 soda pops merchants in the state. Delicate assimilate establishments each piece great as different concerns add to the improvement in the monetary status of individuals in a specific nation or field and the network all in all. In this manner. the gainfulness of its activity is meriting examining. Explanation of the Problem Specifically. the overview looks to answer the undermentioned requests: 1. What are the financial highlights of soda pop merchants in Cavite? 2. What is the salary of soda pops brokers in Cavite? 3. What is the productivity of sodas establishment concern? 4. What are the employments experienced in soda pops establishment? Theoretical Framework. The model of the overview which is made out of the financial highlights as the info. the establishment as the technique and the net gain as the final result is appeared in Figure 1. The financial highlights of the soda merchants, for example, age. sexual orientation and instructive foundation will be the utilized as contribution to runing an establishment concern. The final result which is the total compensation of the worry will be based from the info which will be prepared in runing the worry to deliver the overall gain. Figure 1. Theoretical model of the benefit of the sodas establishment in Cavite. Points of the Study Generally. the review will be attempted to discover the gainfulness of soda pops establishment in Cavite. In particular. it plans to: 1. portray the financial highlights of soda pop merchants in Cavite ; 2. decide the salary of soda pops dealers in Cavite ; 3. decide the productivity of soda pops establishment in Cavite ; 4. recognize the occupations experienced in soda pop establishment concern. Significance of the Study The forthcoming financial specialists can use this data as balance in make up ones disapproving to come in into the soda pops establishment concern. This will gracefully a decent start of informations for their achievability review. The understudy and examination laborers can use the outcome of the review as notice to hold a more profound study about soda pop establishment in Cavite and other related explores. From the result of the review. the soda pops broker will hold an idea of the present status of issues of different dealers and contrast their evaluating plans and the other soda merchants in Cavite. Extension and Limitation of the Study This study will be directed to investigate the gainfulness of soda pop establishment in Cavite. It will be directed from October to December 2012. The respondents will be the owners. executives. or then again proprietor directors of soda pop establishment concern. The overview concentrated mainly on the financial highlights of the respondents. pay of soda pop merchants and occupations experienced in sodas establishment concern. Solitary brokers of soda pops, for example, Coca-cola. Pepsi-Cola and Royal Crown will be met. Bookkeeping minutess for one twelvemonth period. 2011 will be remembered for the investigation of pay. The data that will be utilized in the overview will be restricted to what the respondents will flexibly during the meeting. Operational Definition of Footings. Cost of offer alludes to a disbursal caused by sodas dealers which is gotten by duplicating the month to month net incomes volume by unit cost. Net pay alludes to the month to month aggregate hard money whole got by soda merchants from the worry. Net total compensation alludes to the whole hard cash aggregate left to the soda dealer subsequent to taking away all important disbursals from the whole gross incomes. Productivity is the capacity of soda pop dealers to better the financial spot of the worry. The proportions that will be utilized are: Gross Net pay Margin. Working Net pay Margin and Net pay Margin. Net saless volume alludes to the month to month proportion of soda sold by soda brokers. Soda pops is the main product exchanged by the soda pop brokers to their customers. This incorporate carbonated beverages, for example, Coca-cola. Pepsi-Cola and Royal Crown. Soda pops brokers allude to the person who sells sodas for hard money. Whole cost/disbursal alludes to all disbursals caused by soda pop dealers in a month. Whole gross incomes alludes to the whole entirety of soda pops sold in a month. It is gotten by duplicating the unit marketing financial incentive by the month to month net incomes volume. Procedure. This part will talk the examination procedure to be utilized in the review. This will be introduced in the undermentioned development: 1. ) research plan. 2. ) start of informations. 3. ) informations gathering process. 4. ) research instrument. 5. ) technique for examination. Exploration Design The cross-sectional investigation research configuration will be utilized in dissecting the gainfulness of soda pop establishment in Cavite. This plan will ease happening the answers to requests on financial highlights of soda dealers. salary of soda pop brokers. productivity of soda pops establishment and the occupations experienced in soda pop establishment concern. In the cross sectional investigation plan. informations will be gathered at one point in cut from October to December 2012 from an example chose from a populace at the curious clasp. Beginnings of Data The respondents for this review will be the soda pops dealers in Cavite. A rundown of soda pop brokers in each town was mentioned from the gross incomes office of the various organizations, for example, Coca-cola. Pepsi-Cola and Royal Crown Cola in Cavite. viz. : Alfonso. Amadeo. Bacoor. Carmona. Cavite City. Dasmarinas City. Gen. Trias. Imus. Indang. Kawit. Maragondon Naic. Noveleta. Rosario. Tagaytay. Tanza and Trece Martirez City. Only towns that have soda brokers will be remembered for the review. Information Gathering Procedure The data to be utilized in the study will be assembled through meetings with the help of polls. Preliminary to the various towns of Cavite will be done to discover the figure of soda pops merchants. Table 1 shows the dispersion of respondents by stocks and by towns. A whole of 52 respondents will be remembered for the study. Table 1. Appropriation of respondents by stocks and by towns. Item/TOWNFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE Pepsi-Cola Carmona 2 4 Bacoor 3 6 Dasmarinas 3 6 G. M. A. 1 2 Silang 3 6 Coca-cola Amadeo 1 2 Bacoor 4 7 Cavite City 1 2 Dasmarinas 3 6 Gen. Trias 2 4 Imus 2 4 Indang 1 2 Kawit 1 2 Maragondon 1 2 Naic 1 2 Rosario 3 6 Tagaytay 1 2 Tanza 2 Ternate 1 4 Trece 1 2 Royal Crown Cola

Generalization Definition

Speculation Definition Speculation is the capacity to utilize abilities that an understudy has learned in new and various conditions. Regardless of whether those abilities areâ functionalâ or scholarly, when an aptitude is found out, it should be utilized in numerous settings. For run of the mill kids in general training program, abilities that they have learned in school are typically immediately utilized in new settings. Kids with incapacities, notwithstanding, frequently experience issues moving their abilities to an alternate setting from the one in which it was found out. In the event that they are trained how to check cash utilizing pictures, they might be not able to sum up the aptitude to genuine cash. Despite the fact that a kid may figure out how to unravel letter sounds, on the off chance that they are not expected to mix them into words, they may experience issues moving that aptitude to genuine perusing. Likewise Known As: Community-basedâ instruction, learning move. Examples: Julianne realized how to include and take away, yet she had difficultyâ generalizingâ those aptitudes to looking for treats at the corner store. Applications and Learning Exercises Unmistakably, uncommon teachers should be certain that they structure guidance in manners that encourage speculation. They may decide to: Educate in various settings in the school.Use genuine coins to instruct money.Take understudies into the network and give them errands that necessitate that they utilize their aptitudes. What about a scrounger chase at a supermarket? There, you can have understudies discover costs for items on the chase list.Play store. It gives your understudies chances to peruse, to include and take away with a number cruncher, and to make the most of progress and blended coins.

Customer Care - Practical Experience Assignment

Client Care - Practical Experience - Assignment Example The carrier is explicitly known to offer extraordinary client assistance to tis colossal customer base. To keep offering extraordinary client assistance, the organization attaches key execution markers to consumer loyalty. It additionally prepares its front officials broadly to guarantee that they can manage a wide range of customers and offer client assistance that surpasses customers’ desires. The accomplishment of the gathering is intently attached to consumer loyalty since the organization manages individuals regularly (Zeithaml, Bitner and Gremler 2006). Polls were utilized to gather information for this examination. Open-finished surveys were utilized to empower the respondents give adequate subtleties to encourage tenable information investigation. Poll were utilized in light of the fact that they are increasingly fitting for gathering essential information that was required for this exploration in light of the fact that the information is progressively solid since it was acquired direct. Surveys are basic and far reaching, they cut superfluous subtleties and are immediate to the point. In this way, it was anything but difficult to persuade the respondents to take an interest in the information assortment practice notwithstanding having occupied calendars. The respondents included client assistance faculty at various positions. Focusing on workers at various positions planned for setting up if the whole association orchestrates its client data and rehearses and that the client can get a similar data at each contact point. Picking c lient assistance faculty as respondents depended on the rationale that their work portrayal is managing client issues and ideas and along these lines they are progressively learned in that field (Meuter, Ostrom and Roundtree, 2000). Emirates Airlines and Group treat their clients well by permitting veritable associations with clients. The client support delegates converse with clients as sincerely as people speaking to the business as opposed to going about as unremarkable or anonymous

Child Labour

What are the causes and consequences of child labour amongst developing countries The child labour as a social and economic phenomenon has many aspects the most important of which seems to be the low level of financial growth that characterizes several countries which are commonly known as developing. This paper illustrates the conditions that created the necessity of the child labour, and at the same time it presents the consequences of this situation as they can be observed through a series of specific facts and other types of empirical evidence that have been collected by the relevant sources of scientific research.. The analysis of the problem, as described above, is followedby the presentation of a number of policies, which could help thelimitation of the problem to the most feasible level. The research done on this specific problem has revealed the existence of a high volume of relevant theories as well as of statistical data that have also been used to support the current paper. . Introduction The problem of the child labour has become a very important subjectof examination and research by the most of the internationalinstitutions especially the last decade. The reason for that is not the absence of this problem in the past but the development of the technology and the communication around the world that gave the opportunity for a series of long-lasting social problems to becomeknown to the international community. The extension and theimportance of the specific problem are severe obstacles towards its elimination. On the other hand, the creation of an international legal framework asit has been expressed by the establishment of authorized bodies and the signing of a series of orders and Conventions, can considered as an important step towards the achievement of a solution. We have to notice though that the best possible policy to thatdirection would have to compromise with the existence and the size ofthe problem avoiding to set targets that could not be achieved. Under the current circumstances, the child labour cannot disappear from the scene; it can just be reduced to a certain level (as this one is formulated by the social and financial conditions of each country). The main aim of this paper is to provide a detailed examination of the problem backed with a series of relevant data and other empirical evidence. The analysis of the current situation, as described in Chapter II, begins with the presentation of the background of the problem followed by statistical data and the views stated in the literature regarding the definition and the observation of child labour amongst developing countries. The policies that can be applied for the limitation of the problem are being presented in Chapter III. The investigation of the facts and the needs that created the phenomenon of the child labour cannot be achieved without the use of the literature (Chapter IV) that has been dealt with the specific matter mainly during the last years. The evidence that has been used to identify and interpret the problem,is presented in Chapter V. Finally, Chapter VI contains brief remarks on the problem as they have been extracted from the research done. II. The child labour in the international community background, definition and areas of children exploitation The period in which child labour appeared as a social reality cannot be defined with accuracy. There are opinions that relate the beginning of the problem with the industrial revolution whereas other ones state that the child labour had first appeared in the nineteenth century. From an investigation that took place in Britain in June 1832, it seems that the phenomenon of child labour was known at that period and referred to children working as laborers mainly to factories butalso to other business activities. The above investigation (as it is analytically presented in Basu, K., 1999, 1088) was supervised by a British Parliamentary Committee and had as main subject the child labour in the United Kingdom at that period. Although Britain was in a rather high rank regarding the child labour which can be explained by the fact that England was under development at that period of time other countries that also had a remarkable industrial development likethe Belgium, the USA and the Japan, presented a similar image regardingthe work of children in the multiple sectors of industry (see also K.Basu, 1999, 1088-89). Moreover, the data collected for the measurement of the relevantpractices during the 19th century showed that child labour did notstart declining in Britain and in United States until the second halfof that century (L.F. Lopez-Calva, 2001, 64). The dimensions of the problem of child labour can create an important concern about the level of the life that a lot of children face but also about the financial situation of a large majority of families around the world. According to data collected by the International Labor Organization (ILO), there are approximately 250 million working children aged between 5 and 14, of which at least 120 million are involved in full-time work that is both hazardous and exploitative (seealso T. I. Palley, 2002). Although the so-called developed countries have shown samples of tolerance regarding the child labour, the areas that seem to cultivate the problem are those with low level of economic and industrial growth. In a relevant research made by D.K. Brown (2001) it seems that the major factor for the existence of the problem is the poverty. The capital market failure of a specific country (as it is expressed tothe every day aspects of life, like the low level of schooling) isconsidered as another important element that co-operates the appearance and the extension of the phenomenon. When speaking for child labour we usually refer to any work by childrenthat interferes with their physical and mental development , i.e. anywork that keeps the child away from childhood related activities(Chandrasekhar, 1997). The above definition although containing ageneral view of the child labour, it cannot be applied under allcircumstances bearing in mind that a lot of differences may appear inthe context of childhood related activities in dependance with the country and the cultural influences. In this case, a more specific description of child labour is considered as necessary. M. Majumdar(2001) divides the child labour into the following categories: a) the household work, b) non-domestic and non-monetary work, c) wage labour and d) commercial sexual exploitation and bonded labour. The child labour can be applied in many areas. As an indicative examplewe can refer to the report of the National Consumers Leage (NCL) which divides the possible areas of child labour into the followingcategories (refering to specific daily activities and regarding thedanger that they include): agriculture (is the most dangerous industryfor the young workers), working alone and late-night work in retail(most deaths of young workers in this industry are robbery-relatedhomicides), construction and work at heights (deaths and serious injuryresult from working at heights 6 feet and above. The most common typesof fatal falls are falls from roofs, ladders and scaffolds or staging),driver/operator of forklifts and tractors (tractor-related accidentsare the most prevalent cause of agricultural fatalities in the U.S.A.),traveling youth crews (defined as youth who are recruited to sellcandy, magazine subscribtions and other items door-to-door or on streetcorners, these youth operate under dangerous conditions and areunsupervised) (Occupational Hazards, Aug2004) III. Policies towards the limitation of the problem A fundamental measure for the limitation of the child labour is thecreation of legislation that would impose a minimum work age and yearsof compulsory education. Although this solution seems rather in itsdesigning, in practice its quite difficult to operate . The needs ofthe everyday life can often surpass the power of the legal rules, which have been structured usually after the examination and the analysis of specific events and cannot confront the problem to its whole area. One of the main problems that a family usually faces is the change inthe working situation of its (adult) members and the financial pressurethat usually follows. Of course, there is always the solution of funding (especially when the general financial market of a country offers such an option) . However, there are occasions that such an alternative cannot operate either because the country do not afford such a plan or the specific family do not have access to this plan. Under these circumstances, it could still be possible for the householdto tap internal assets. The presence of the father in a household, thepresence of an older person in the household or the capacity of the mother to enter into the market in order to work or proceed to another type of work (in a personal enterprise), all the above can be variables that can support the assets of a family even if the latter is suffered from strong financial difficulties (see also D. K. Brown, 2001, 766). Despite the theoretical character of the legislation, there could beother measures , more applicable and feasible to be realized. Aneffort that has such a character is the increased spending on books,supplies, buildings and teacher training as it has been pursued by several governments (D. K. Brown, 772). In cases that the child labour cannot be avoided, there could be somemeasures to both to protect the children and help them to continuetheir school (while keep on working). The design of specific schedules that would allow the children to attend school after their work could be proved very helpful towards this direction. Of course, such a plan contains a lot of requirements that need to be met . As an example we could mention the sufficiency of resources (teachers) that could workfor the extra time needed and at the same time the existence of afinancial strategy (and of the relevant money) for the payment of these resources. On the other hand, a problem that may arise is the lack ofequipment or capital for the premises of the school to be open forextra hours. And we cannot forget the danger that may be related withthe attendance late at night (especially in the case of the paper thedeveloping countries). The phenomenon of the child labor has been examined and analyzed to the highest possible point by the use of the observation and theresearch in accordance with the existing legislation and the general rules that have been introduced from several countries aiming to the limitation of the problem. One of the most important studies regarding the child labour is this ofK. Basu and P. H. Van (1998) who tried to find and analyze the causesof this specific problem. After studying the results of the empiricalevidence they came to the conclusion that child labour was notconnected exclusively with external factors (i.e. employers) but it was mostly the result of internal (in the family) decisions and facts.Towards that direction, K. Basu and P. H. Van examined first the view that child labour has been based on the greed of employers who employthe children and the parents who send the children to work. The above statement is first examined by the fact that in families, which can afford the non-work of children (i.e. when the income of the parents isconsidered as sufficient), the parents try to avoid sending theirchildren to work. This phenomenon appears even in very poor countries.Under the previous aspect, the child labour is connected with thefinancial situation of the family (usually income of parents) and not the interests of the employers. This assumption of the leading familysrole is also backed, according to K. Basu and P. H. Van, by the analysis of late nineteenth-century cencus data for Philadelphia whichwas made by Claudia Goldin in 1979. According to this analysis, when the income of the father is high the probability that the child will enter the labour market is low and this relation operates in a very tight interaction (the higher the wage of the father, the lower thechance of such a fact to get realized). Another empirical evidence that seems to back the views of K. Basu and P. H. Van comes from a research that was made on this issue (connection between the familys decision and the child labour) by D. Vincent who studied working-class autobiographies. The results of his study showed that the children when working avoid to blame their parents but they tend to believe that it was the poverty that imposed their participation in the labour market.K. Basu and P. H. Van examined the issue of the role of the familys decision to the child labour under the assumption that the decision ismade by a parent. They also admit that the results of their study may differ in case that this decision is made by another person (as stated by the theories which ask for the rejection of the unitary model of the household). Regarding the role of the familys decision to the child labour, J. G.Scoville presented a model of the above decision based on the use of mathematical symbols in order to represent the real facts. In his model, there are factors (such as the social or economic class, race,ethnicity, caste or color) that define the family utility function andin this way they can cause important implications to labour market segmentation (J. G. Scoville, 715) Regarding the existence and the extension of the child labour, M.Murshed states that two are the basic issues that need to be examined in order to achieve a comprehensive analysis of the problem. The first issue includes the mechanisms under which the family decides to send a child at work. The second one is the reason for which the employers demand child laborers. In order to explain the first issue, M. Murshed uses the theory ofBeckers, known as A theory of the Allocation of Time, which presents a model for studying the household decision-making process. In the above model Beckers suggests that the decision of the family is based to the needs of the household. Whenever an extra income is consideredas necessary, family decides to send the child at work. In this model both wages of children and adults contribute to family resources. As for the second issue, M. Murshed (179) argues that employer tend to demand child laborers because they are less aware of their rights,less troublesome, more willing to take orders and to do monotonous work without complaining. Another factor is also that children work forlower wages and are not in a labour union because they work illegally. M. Hazan and B. Berdugo (2002, 811) examined the dynamic evolution of child labour, fertility and human capital in the process of development. Their analysis is based on the following assumptions: a)parents control their childrens time and allocate it between labourand human capital formation, b) parents care about the futureearnings of their children, c) the income that is generated by children is given to parents and that d) child rearing is time intensive. According to their findings, in early stages of development, the economy is in a development trap while child labour is abundant, fertility is high and output per capita is low. On the other hand, the increase in the wage differential (between parental and childlabour) decreases fertility and child labour and increases childrenseducation. As a final result, child labour tends to decrease as thehouseholds dependency on child labours income diminishes. The welfare economics approach tries to examine the child labour from the scope of investment and time allocation within the household. According to this theory, the time of the child (the non-leisure one)can be used either for school attendance and/or for work. The family makes a decision for the allocation of the childs time (i.e. for one of the above mention activities) after the calculation of the difference between the marginal benefit of the child labour (i.e.earnings and saved costs of schooling) and the marginal cost (in terms of foregone return to human capital investment). If the first of the above elements is estimated as having a higher price than the second one, then the family decides the participation of the child to the labour market (see also M. Majumdar, 2001). The decision of the parents regarding the entrance of their children tothe labour market can under certain circumstances be unefficient.According to Ballard and Robinson (2000) the above decisions areefficient when the credit market is perfect and the intergenerational altruistic transfers are nonzero. On the other hand, when there are liquidity constraints or the altruistic transfers are at a corner,these decisions are considered as inefficient. A. Bommier and P. Dubois(2004) critically evaluated the views of Ballard and Robinson andargued that the decisions of the parents could be inefficient even ifthe credit markets are perfect and there are altruistic transfers. More specifically, they argued that when parents are not altruistic enough,there is a rotten parents effect in which parents rationally sacrifice some childhood utility and choose a level of child labour that is inefficiently high. V. Evidence related with the phenomenon of child labour The child labour has been the subject of a thorough study and research and there are a lot of theories that have been stated in aneffort to define the causes of the specific problem. Towards thisdirection there have been a number of facts or existing situations thathave been used to explain the relation of the child labour with somespecific factors . One of the most known reasons for the existence andthe increase of the problem is the poverty of the household which is related with the general aspect of the modern way of life (as it hasbeen formulated under the influence of the technology) and also the fact that parents when have a low level of income do not tend to invest in the education of their children in order to achieve a high level of return (education can help to the improvement of the status of life through the increase of the level of consumption). We could also state that the income of the children can help toameliorate the conditions of life of the family and this could be thereason why the children tend to leave the school and work when their family is under severe financial pressure. This is an opinion that tries to explain the child labour through the life circumstances of a child and aims to smooth the negative consequences of the child labour. Although the poverty is usually presented as the main reason for thechild labour , there are some aspects that need to be taken intoaccount when examining the problem. First of all, we cannot define withaccuracy the financial benefit of a family from a childs work. Of course, child labour can help to the amelioration of the familys financial situation, however it is not obvious how much worse off afamily would be if the children were in school. On the other hand, we could not specify the time needed for the economic development to beachieved in order for the child labour to be abolished. More specifically it seems that there is no consistent threshold of economic development, which preceded the decline of child labour to suggest the implied relationship between economic growth and declice of child labour (M. Majumdar). In such a case, the argument about the poverty criterion of child labour can loose its significant content. We should notice that, no matter which is the financial situation of the family,even in cases of exremely low level of living, the participation of thechild to a work that could characterized as hazardous cannot bejustified as the protection of the childs rights are a priority. Moreover, the child labour although can help temporarily to theconfrontation of the poverty up to a specific point however, it canalso create the basis for the development of property by generatingpoor people to the next generation. If the child returns to school theyhave more chances to a higher level of earnings in the future or at aleast to a job that will secure their living to certain standards(avoiding the condition of poverty). The combination of these two factors could also create a better investment and a greater security of income for the family by eliminating the obstacles of poverty. The relationship between the poverty and the child labour is not absolutely proved. S.E. Dessy and D. Vencatachellum examined the issue using a sample of 83 countries and found that the coefficient of correlation between the incidence of child labour and the logarithm of gross national product is 0.74. In this way, they were directed to the assumption that child labour declines with economic prosperity, as parents feel relaxed regarding the credit constraints. However, at a next level, they found that there are countries with similar levels of gross domestic product per capita that differ in the percentage of child labour. In fact, some of them report no child labour, where as others report a high level. This assumption is also in accordance withthe view of Anker (2000) who stated that although poverty is positively correlated with child labour, there are also other factors that can reduce the school enrolment rate of a country. Hussain M. and Maskus K.E (2003) used a series of data from 64 countries in the period 1960 1980 to investigate a series of testable hypotheses about the causes of child labour. Their research showed that the incidence of child labour is negatively related to parental huma ncapital and education quality, but it is positively correlated with education cost and also that countries with higher amounts of child labour tend to have lower stocks of human capital in the future. They also found that there is a convergence phenomenon between the level and growth of human capital, i.e. the lower the current stock of human capital, the higher is current child-labour use and the fasted is the growth rate of human capital. G. Hazarika and A. S. Bedi (2003), examined the relationship between the schooling costs and the extra household child labour supply and found that these two elements are positively related. Moreover, the intra-household labour of children engaged in market work evaluated as unresponsive to changes in schooling costs. This happens maybe,according to Hazarika and Bedi because parents tend to consider childrens extra household labour and schooling as substitutes while they view intra household child labour activity differently. But if the parents could evaluate the intra-household child labour as an activity that offers more benefits than just an increase of the household consumption, then it could be a relationship between the intra-household child labour and the schooling costs. As for Pakistan(where this research refers) the intra-household child labour and schooling are not substitutes. We should also mention the importance of social norms and the cultureto the appearance and the extension of the child labour. The above analysis has to be done under different variables for the rural areas as opposite to the urban areas. Children that live in the first environment tend to help to the everyday activities in the farm and asa result, their work under these circumstances is presented as justified and necessary. As for the social norms, their role is considered as very important to the financial growth, as they have to power to influence the economic and social behaviour of the vastmajority of people. The most indicative example of their influence isthe fact that in areas where the work of children is accepted by thepeople, then the decision of a parent to send his child to work can bemuch more easy. Another very important aspect of the child labour is that is usually associated with the child abuse. Under this aspect, the reasons for the participation of the children to the labour market can be found in the demand of employers for cheap laborers and in the existence of selfish parents who do not mind sending their children to work if in that way there are more chances for them (parents) to rest. According to K.Basu and P. H. Van, although the child abuse does occur in allsocieties, the phenomenon of the child labour as a mass in most of developing countries is much more related with the poverty that characterises these countries. They refer to the example of England(late eighteenth and early nineteenth century) where parents had to send their children to work because they were obligated from the circumstances (poverty) to do so. VI. Conclusion The existence and the rapid extension of the phenomenon of child labour seems to be connected with the a series of external factors(like the low economic growth or the unadequate social policies of aspecific country) however it can be assumed by the analysis made abovethat it is also directly depended on the childs close social environment, i.e the family. Its for this reason that the measures taken towards its elimination have to be referred into both these areas. The two sides have to co-operate and act simultaneously in order to confront this very important problem. The solution (as it is often presented) of the child labour has to be interpreted under different criteria regarding the specific circumstances that it will have to occur. Although in certain occasions the entrance of the child in the labour market seems to be the only left choice, we have to bear in mind its particular physic and mental weakness (that follows its age) and evaluate the consequences for such a decision. In any case, we have to consider that a workplace that operates normally with the use of adult laborers can have negative effects when the issue refers to a child. Although the problem of the child labour is very important to its nature and its extension, the measures taken to its elimination dont seem to produce any result. The conflict of interests towards its continuation has a great responsibility to it. And these interests refer to different parties (external and internal as mentioned above).This reality must be admitted and the efforts should be directed to the modification of the existing conditions trying not to confront directly the problem but asking the parties involved to participate to its solution by offering them a satisfactory exchange for their help. References Admassie, A., Explaining the high incidence of child labour inSub-Saharan Africa, Development Review, Dec2002, vol. 14, issue 2, p.251 Amin, S., Shakil, Quayes, M., Rives, J. M., Poverty and otherdeterminants of child labor in Bangladesh, Southern Economic Journal,April2004, vol. 70, issue 4, p. 876 Anker, R., The economics of child labor: a framework for measurement, International Labour Review, 2000, 139, 257-280 Baland, J.M., Robinson, J.A., Is Child Labor Inefficient?, Journal of Political Economy, 2000, 108, 663-679 Bommier, A., Dubois, P., Rotten parents and child labor, Journal of Political Economy, Feb2004, vol. 112, issue 1, p. 240 Brown, D. K., Child labour in Latin America: Policy and evidence, World Economy, June2001, vol. 24, issue 6 Dessy, S.E., Explaining cross-country differences in policyresponse to child labour, Canadian Journal of Economics, Feb 2003,vol. 36, issue 1, p.1 Emerson, P. M., Souza, A. P., Is there a child labor trap?Intergenerational persistence of child labor in Brazil, Economicdevelopment cultural change, Jan2003, vol. 51, issue 2, p. 375 Hazan, M., Berdugo, B., Child labour, fertility and economic growth, Economic Journal, Oct2002, vol. 112, issue 482, p. 810 Hazarika, Gautam, Bedi, A.S., Schooling costs and child work inrural Pakistan, Journal of Development Studies, June 2003, vol. 39,issue 5, p. 29 Hussain, M., Maskus, K.E., Child Labour Use and Economic Growth: aneconometric analysis, World Economy, vol. 26, issue 7, p. 993 Kaushik, B., The economics of child labor, Scientific American, Oct2003, vol. 289, issue 4, p.84 Kaushik, B., Van P. H., The economics of child labor, The American economic review, June 1998, vol. 88, no. 3, p. 412-427 Kaushik, B., Child labor: cause, consequence and cure, with remarkson International Labor Standards, Journal of Economic Literature,Sep1999, vol. 37, p. 1083-1119 Latin Trade, Condemned, Oct2004, vol. 12, issue 10, p.68 Lopez-Calva, Child labor: Myths, theories and facts, Journal of International Affairs, Fall 2001, vol. 55, issue 1, p. 59 Majumdar, M., Child labour as a human security problem: evidence from India, Oxford Development Studies, vol. 29, no. 3, 2001 Mattioli, M. C., Sapovadia, V. K., Laws of Labor: core laborstandards and global trade, Harvard International Review, Summer 2004,vol. 26, issue 2, p. 60 Murshed, M., Unraveling child labor and labor legislation, Journal of International Affairs, Fall2001, vol. 55, issue 1, p.169 News, The (Mexico), Child labor in Mexico contributes almost 2 billion dollars to economy, Sep 26, 2001 Occupational Hazards, Group calls for reform of laws governing teen employment, Aug2004, vol. 66, issue 8, p.15 Palley, T. I., The child labor problem and the need forinternational labor standards, Journal of Economic Issues, Sep2002,vol. 36, issue 3, p. 601 Payroll Managers Report, International retailer is fined for child labor violations, May 2005, vol. 5, issue 5, p.2 Professional Safety, DOL issues final child labor rules for restaurant, driving roof, Mar2005, vol. 50, issue 3, p.24 Puskikar, M., Ranjan, R., The Joint Estimation of childparticipation in schooling and employment: comparative evidence fromthree continents, Oxford Development Studies, Feb2002, vol. 30, issue1, p. 41 Scoville, J. G., Segmentation in the market for child labor: theeconomics of child labor revisited, American Journal of Economics andSociology, Jul2002, vol. 61, issue 3, p. 713 Xinhua (China), Half Bangladeshi children malnourished: report, 12/10/2004 Xinhua (China), ISO countries ratify Convention to combat worst forms of child labor: ILO, 24/5/2004 Xinhua (China), Micro credit program launched to stop child labor in Bangladesh, 30/10/2003 Xinhua (China), Over 3 million child laborers in Pakistan, Jul2002 Xinhua (China), Asian countries to co-operate in eliminating child labor, 3/3/2003 Walsh, M., Sager, I., The worlds workers may catch a break, Business Week, 14/3/2005, issue 3924, p.12 World IT Report, India to abolish child labour after 2007, 15/1/2004

Essay on Role of Minor Characters Within ‘a Doll House’

Role of Minor Characters within ‘A Doll House’ The role of minor characters in a play is generally to assist or influence the central characters. In Henrik Ibsen’s play, ‘A Doll House’, such minor characters exist, who can change the outcome of the play. Mrs. Linde, a childhood friend of Nora, the protagonist, highlights Nora’s childlike and egotistic state by contrasting it with Linde’s selfless and sensible character. She aids in the development of plot by introducing the idea of self-satisfaction to Nora, whose main function is to fulfill a women’s role in the household. Ultimately, Mrs. Linde can be identified as an important minor character because she aids in the change of plot and character development. To begin with, Linde†¦show more content†¦Secondly, when Linde confesses her love for Krogstad and her plans of being with him, Nora is greatly affected. Linde’s decision to be with Krogstad allows Nora to become aware of the true nature of her marriage. She becomes inspired by Linde’s independence and sense of self. Her decision of committing suicide changes to her departure from the home. This signifies the lies and deceit present in her marriage. As Linde and Nora converse, ‘â€Å"Nora-you must tell your husband everything.’†(Ibsen, 99) At this stage both Nora and Linde realize that this marriage is full of lies and deceit and it is impossible for either Nora or Helmer to continue on this path. Even though Nora could have prevented Torvald from reading the letter, she insisted upon it. Nora, after witnessing Helmer’s response, realized that there is nothing that can happen which will allow her to stay in the house anymore. This was greatly influenced by Linde’s influence upon Nora. Although it was Nora’s decision to leave Helmer, one can clearly see Linde’s words acted to enlighten Nora about the truth of her marriage which later lead to Nora’s departure. Lastly, as Linde persuad es Krogstad to forgive Nora’s crime one can see a clear shift of the true conflict in the play, the conflict between Nora and her husband. If Helmer wasn’t concerned about appearances or his pride, Nora didn’t need to hide this crime from him. The fact that he cares more aboutShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. 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Mexican-American Drug War - 1105 Words

The Mexican drug-trafficking cartels are said to have been established in the 1980s by a man named Miguel Angel Felix Gallardo, also known as â€Å"The Godfather†. With the help of Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo and Rafael Caro Quintero, Miguel started the Guadalajara Cartel, which is one of the first to have thrived from association with the Colombian cocaine trade. The two men who helped Miguel Gallardo establish the cartel were arrested, so Gallardo, the single leader of the cartel â€Å"was smart enough to privatize the Mexican drug trade by having it run by lesser-known bosses† (The Five Most Famous Drug Cartels†), that he often met with in Acapulco. Eventually Miguel was arrested as well which caused the split of the Guadalajara Cartel into the†¦show more content†¦Despite its diminishing power, it continues to control most of the trafficking in Tamaulipas. The Tijuana Cartel is now one of the cartels with the least power since the Arellano Felix brothers fell, but it is said that the Sinaloa’s have started taking them over. The Juarez Cartel is now run by only one of the Carrillo Fuentes brothers, Vicente, and â€Å"resembles gang-on-gang warfare more than intra-cartel violence† (Beith). Like the Tijuana Cartel, the Juarez Cartel is somewhat being controlled by the Sinaloa Cartel. La Familia, a newer, infinitely smaller group, smuggles methamphetamine and has fallen to the authorities. There is a similar group, the Knights Templar, but they, like La Familia, have a minimal influence on society. Smaller, newer groups like the Jalisco Cartel - New Generation and Matazetas also exist, although not having a great impact on society (Beith). As stated by David Lunhow and Josà © De Cordoba, in the year 2008, 6,000 people died in drug-related violence in Mexico, the U.S.’s second biggest trading partner. 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Epidemiology for Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health

Question: Discuss about theEpidemiology for Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. Answer: After a thorough review of the journals authors, title, and abstract, my impression is that the article is of good quality. The article is authored by Nicholas Glasgow, one of the medical icons and a doctor of philosophy in medicine. Nicholas Glasgow is one of the renowned palliative medicine specialists as well as a general practitioner (Glasgow et al., 2017). He has done a lot of significant work and high-quality research in medicine; for instance, he examined or assessed the interface amidst secondary and primary care in developing nations in his doctoral thesis (Dolan et al., 2018). Additionally, he is considered as one of the excellent primary health care researchers. As result of the authors experience, this articles quality is unquestionable. In the same token, the journals title also speaks for the paper, for example, it mentions the researchs population and disease of research. Generally the critical and creative evaluation and analysis of the article abstract show a logical and well-organized presentation looking towards meeting the authors intended objectives. The abstract outlines the studys objective, methodology, results, and conclusion thus gives the readers a clear aim and content preview. Therefore, all the aforementioned reasons are clear indications of a high quality paper. The rationale of the study is to measure or examine atopic disease and respiratory symptoms in Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal children. It measures the respiratory symptoms of both non-indigenous and indigenous children in the Australian Capital Territory. The rationale is well articulated by the authors since it clearly outlines the studys intended purpose or aim, therefore, demonstrating resilient convincing power in the entire journal. The research embraces a non-experimental study design, employing cross-sectional and correlational analyses to help in generating the research findings. It also employs cohort study design. It can be said to be a descriptive design because it involves survey and observation, for example, two-stage questionnaires survey is conducted among children in the Australian Capital Territory. On the other hand, the study is a cohort because it involves sampling a group of individuals sharing defining characteristics, for examples, kindergarten children of the same age bracket. The researchers used prospective cohort study to help in determining the risks factors for contracting the respiratory diseases. In addition, the researchers follow the participants over time and they assess outcome and exposure during the follow-up. The studys abstract outlines its objectives, methods, results, and conclusion, therefore, giving a clue of its content. In its subsequent pages, it uses the abstracts outlin e to discuss the topic. The major outcome variables in the study include respiratory health and prevalence of respiratory system. These are considered the major outcome variables because they have been used in the study to determine the sample size. Additionally, it is important to note that the researchs objective depend on them. The research is interested in studying the prevalence of the respiratory the diseases such as asthma. The primary exposure variable is always related to either decrease or increase of a particular health outcome (Sackett, 2000). Remarkably, the primary exposure variable in the study is respiratory health. It is significantly associated with the studys outcome which is the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal children in the ACT (Glasgow et al. 2003). The study examines respiratory health of kindergarten children through assessing the prevalence of respiratory symptoms. It is important to note that the overall research design was appropriate for the study question. The critical review of the authors methodology is based on the approach. The overall study design as well as hypothesis testing exhibits a well-organized, relevant, and appropriate presentation of researchs questions, ideas as well as results which are duly interpreted to support the aims and goal of the research. The research design aids the article to draw its strength from a coherent and consistent thesis, which matches up the both the introduction and conclusion. Notably, this demonstrates a strong convincing power in the findings or results, integral text as well as interpretation. It is important to acknowledge that the study employs a large sample, for example, a sample of 10,600 non-indigenous children. Such a large sample size help in gathering more information as well reduces uncertainty, therefore, increasing the studys validity and reliability. Additionally, such a large sample size leads to greater precision, gives greater power of detecting differences, and reduces the margin error. In the same vein, the response rate was quite recommendable. Out of the possible 100% recruited individuals, 92% participated in the study up to the end and the research found that the response rates were consistent for both the non-indigenous and indigenous subpopulations. The researchers also standardized the calculations of the response rates. Notably, the response rates and sample size positively impacts the study by reducing uncertainty and increasing its reliability and validity. The study found that indigenous children were highly prevalent to a dry cough at night, wheeze with colds (Raanan et al., 2015) as well parent-reported asthma in comparison to the non-indigenous children. Similarly, the results showed that the prevalence of hay-fever and eczema were higher in non-indigenous children in comparison to indigenous children (Glasgow et al. 2003). The indigenous children were found to be having much exposure to the household as well as environmental tobacco smoke as opposed to the non-indigenous children. The study found that there existed too much dry coughing during the night and breathe shortness of exercise. The presence of asthma was measured through examining the associations or relations between atopic disease, the prevalence of respiratory symptom, and indigenous status. This was conducted through a number of univariate analyses via the use of Haenszel and Mantel odd ratios (Glasgow et al. 2003). The adjusted odds ratios were derived using logistics regression model to assess the effects of interaction with the covariates. Data analysis was conducted through the use of statistical package for the social science program. The rates were truncated to whole percentages points while the P values 0.5 were taken as statistically viable. This particular measurement had one limitation that is, rounding off of the percentage points to the whole number. This can raise uncertainty in regards to the research. Some of the sources of bias in the study include confounding factors and selection bias (Miller et al., 2001). Selection bias manifested itself through the over-representation of children acknowledged by their parents as having asthma. Additionally, bias was introduced by the diverse understanding of the questionnaires amidst the two respondent groups. It is, however, important to note that these biases had minimal effect on the studys outcome or result. Chance influences the effect of bias. It was entertained in the study to act as a cause of the observed association between the indigenous and non-indigenous children and the respiratory symptoms (Sarna et al. 2018). Chance also played a role in determining the confidence interval and P-values which play a significant role in results interpretation. The effects of possible confounders in the study were eliminated through logistic regression models, matching, and restriction (Hayes and Preacher, 2014). For example, in the study, the confounding factors such as age group and sex were handled by selecting subjects of the same age group. Matching was used to handle potential confounders, for instance, the girls and boys in the same age group were matched. Similarly, the Mantel-Haenszel estimator was employed to offer an adjusted outcome in accordance with the strata (Elo and Kyngs, 2008). These findings can be applied to all indigenous and non-indigenous children. Furthermore, it can be generalized to those suffering from respiratory diseases in the country. First, the study had a high response rate ranging between 82 percent and 90 percent. Secondly, the subjects were selected through a non-random probability (Haby et al., 2001). The study did not apply a random selection of the subjects; it attested all the kindergarten children in the Australian Capital Territory. It is also important to note that there was no late respondent; all the respondents responded within the studys timeframe. In the same token, all the target population members had an equal opportunity of being selected in the study. Generally, the creative and critical assessment and analysis of the article background and abstract demonstrate a well-organized as well as logical presentation which meets the authors objectives and intended purpose. The journal draws its strength from a coherent and consistent thesis which matches up the introduction and conclusion thus demonstrating a strong convincing power in the interpretation, findings, and integral text. The critical review of the writers methodology is founded on the overall study design, therefore, demonstrating well-organized and appropriate presentations research questions and results, and ideas which are properly interpreted to support the researchs goal (Graneheim and Lundman, 2014). The authors rely on old sources and literature review which date back to 1990s to support the research. This weakness hinders the credibility of the research. In spite of the limitation, the article is authored by some of the professional and experienced authors in the heal thcare industry. Nicholas Glasgow is one of the renowned palliative medicine specialists as well as a general practitioner. He has done a lot of significant work and high-quality research in medicine, for instance, he examined or assessed the interface amidst secondary and primary care in developing nations in his doctoral thesis. Additionally, he is considered as one of the excellent primary health care researchers. As result of the authors experience, this articles quality is unquestionable. References Dolan, R., Tilling, E., Kong, C. Y., MacLeod, N. J., McSorley, S. T., Park, J. H., ... McMillan, D. C. (2018). Evaluation of systemic inflammation based prognostic scores in patients with advanced oesophageal cancer receiving palliative radiotherapy. Elo, S. and Kyngs, H., (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, 62(1), pp.107-115. Glasgow, N. J., Goodchild, E. A., Yates, R., Ponsonby, A. L. (2003). Respiratory health in aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in the Australian Capital Territory. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 39(7), 534-539. Glasgow, N., Butler, J., Gear, A., Lyons, S., Rubiano, D. (2017). Using competency-based education to equip the primary health care workforce to manage chronic disease. Graneheim, U.H. and Lundman, B., (2014). Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24(2), pp.105112. Haby, M. M., Peat, J. K., Marks, G. B., Woolcock, A. J., Leeder, S. R. (2001). Asthma in preschool children: prevalence and risk factors. Thorax, 56(8), 589-595. Hall, K., Chang, A. B., Anderson, J., Arnold, D., Kemp, A., O'Grady, K. A. (2015). Incidence and outcomes of acute respiratory illness (ARI) with cough in urban Indigenous children. Hayes, A.F. and Preacher, K.J., (2014). Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable.British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 67(3), pp.451470. Miller, K. D., Rahman, Z. U., Sledge Jr, G. W. (2001). Selection bias in clinical trials. Breast disease, 14(1), 31-40. Raanan, R., Harley, K. G., Balmes, J. R., Bradman, A., Lipsett, M., Eskenazi, B. (2015). Early-life exposure to organophosphate pesticides and pediatric respiratory symptoms in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environmental health perspectives, 123(2), 179. Sackett, D. L. (2000). Therapy. Evidence-based medicine. Sarna, M., Lambert, S. B., Sloots, T. P., Whiley, D. M., Alsaleh, A., Mhango, L., ... Ware, R. S. (2018). Viruses causing lower respiratory symptoms in young children: findings from the ORChID birth cohort. Thorax, thoraxjnl-2017.